Final answer:
B. Cubism is the rational, formalist counterpart to Fauvism and Expressionism, offering a detached and geometric perspective in art, as pioneered by artists such as Picasso and Braque.
Step-by-step explanation:
The movement that served as a rational, formalist counterpart to the personal emphasis of the Fauves and Expressionists is B. Cubism.
Cubism emerged as a powerful art movement in France, and was led by the pioneering works of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
These artists broke away from the traditional representation of perspective, and instead presented multiple viewpoints simultaneously to represent the subject in a greater context.
This approach was more analytical and less emotional than the works of the Fauves and Expressionists, focusing on geometric forms and the interrelation of the represented objects in space.
While Cubism maintained a detached and objective perspective on representation in art, Expressionism and Fauvism were more subjective and emphasized the artist's personal feelings.