Final answer:
The geographic coordinate system is also known as 'latitude and longitude'. It is not ideal for creating maps due to distortions in distances, angles, and area representations when projecting a three-dimensional sphere onto a two-dimensional plane. Mapmakers use various map projections to minimize these distortions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Another common name for the geographic coordinate system (GCS) is simply 'latitude and longitude'. This system is based on lines of latitude, which express distance from the equator, and lines of longitude, which express distance from the Prime Meridian. The geographic coordinate system was improved and formalized by Sir George Airy in 1851, building on the work of ancient geographers like Eratosthenes and Ptolemy. Smartphones and GPS devices use the logic of this ancient system to pinpoint locations on the Earth's surface.
However, using the geographic coordinate system for creating maps can be problematic. When mapping a three-dimensional sphere onto a two-dimensional plane, distortions occur. These distortions can affect the accuracy of distances, angles, and area representations on a map. As such, while the GCS is excellent for location identification and navigation, it is not ideal for creating maps that accurately represent spatial relationships on the Earth's surface.
To address this issue, mapmakers often use different map projections, which are systematic transformations of the Earth's latitudes and longitudes onto a flat surface. Each projection has its own set of compromises, as it is impossible to preserve all geographic truths across the translation from sphere to plane.