Final answer:
Time Management is not considered a key ingredient in the management by goals program. Specific Goals, Performance Evaluation, and Participation in Goal Setting are the core components that define this approach, which emphasizes setting SMART goals and evaluating performance against them.
Step-by-step explanation:
The key ingredient that is NOT part of the management by goals (MbG) program is d) Time Management. In the context of MbG, the essential components include a) Specific Goals, b) Performance Evaluation, and c) Participation in Goal Setting. It's crucial for goals to be SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timely. Performance evaluations are times to reflect on goals that were met, exceeded, or not met. These evaluations help in understanding how this relates to one's future work goals and what goals should be set for the next performance period. While time management is important in a general sense for personal efficiency and effectiveness, it is not highlighted as a key ingredient specifically within the management by goals program.