Final answer:
The acquisition of extensive knowledge in a field is referred to as expertise. This differs from inductive or deductive reasoning, which are types of logical thinking used within the scientific method.
Step-by-step explanation:
The acquisition of extensive knowledge in a field or endeavor is called expertise. This is not to be confused with forms of logical thinking such as inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning involves using related observations to arrive at a general conclusion and is often utilized in descriptive science like biology, where observations are recorded and analyzed to infer conclusions. Deductive reasoning, on the other hand, begins with a general theory or premise and moves to a specific conclusion through logical steps.