Final answer:
The brain structure that experiences rapid growth in early to middle childhood and aids in impulse inhibition is the Prefrontal cortex. The correct option is C. Prefrontal cortex
Step-by-step explanation:
The brain structure that shows very rapid growth from early to middle childhood and helps to inhibit impulses is the C. Prefrontal cortex. During early childhood, the frontal lobes, of which the prefrontal cortex is a part, undergo significant development with respect to planning, reasoning, memory, and impulse control capabilities.
This development continues into adolescence, with the prefrontal cortex maturing to facilitate executive functions such as decision-making, abstract reasoning, and controlling impulses.
Unlike the structures involved in emotional responses and fear regulation, such as the amygdala and the limbic lobe, it is the prefrontal cortex that is specifically associated with impulse inhibition and executive functions. The correct option is C. Prefrontal cortex