Final answer:
Controlling is the process of monitoring performance and taking corrective actions as needed to align organizational activities with planned objectives. It involves evaluating progress, identifying variances, and implementing adjustments to stay on track with goals.
Step-by-step explanation:
Monitoring performance and taking corrective action as needed is called controlling. This term describes the process of ensuring that organizational activities are in alignment with the planned objectives by making necessary adjustments. The term controlling refers to one of the fundamental functions of management, alongside planning, organizing, leading, and coordinating. This process involves the evaluation of progress toward goals, determining the cause of deviations, and implementing changes to correct any variance from the planned objectives.
In the context of conservation management, monitoring is defined as data sampling that is repeated at certain intervals for management purposes, is replicable over an extended time frame, and focuses on rates and magnitude of change. This aligns with the general principles of controlling within business and management, as both involve systematic assessment to inform decision-making and action-taking. The ultimate goal of controlling is to ensure the effective and efficient realization of organizational goals.