Final answer:
Management certainly includes the integration of employees' efforts through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's resources. The Theory X approach to management, part of scientific management and human relations, emphasizes strict control and oversight of employees.
Step-by-step explanation:
True, management indeed comprises integrating the work of people through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's resources. These are commonly recognized as the four basic functions of management, essential for managing companies and organizations effectively and efficiently.
Planning involves setting goals and deciding how to achieve them, organizing requires arranging tasks and resources to accomplish the work needed, leading involves motivating and directing people to work towards the organization's goals, and controlling ensures that the organization's plans are being followed and its goals met.
In the Theory X approach to management, which draws from scientific management and human relations, managers operate on the assumption that employees are inherently lazy and require strict supervision. Theory X managers generally use a system of tight control, with a reliance on punishments and threats to achieve organizational objectives. However, this theory is often contrasted with Theory Y, which assumes employees are self-motivated and thrive on responsibility, and which encourages a more participative and inclusive managerial style.