Final answer:
The three major stages of Greek civilization are the Archaic period, the Classical period, and the Hellenistic period, each distinct in its cultural, political, and social advancements shaping Western Civilization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three broad stages of ancient Greek civilization are the Archaic period, the Classical period, and the Hellenistic period.
The Archaic period (800 BCE-480 BCE) marked a time of increased urbanization and the development of the concept of the polis. It was characterized by the development of the earliest institutions of democracy, as seen in Athens, and substantial progress in culture, including the arts and Greek literature.
During the Classical period (500-323 BCE), Greek civilization experienced its high watermark in cultural achievements. This era is known for the creation of enduring art, literature, and philosophy, as well as for the united defense against the Persian Empire. It was a time when democracy flourished in Athens, laying the groundwork for Western politics.
The subsequent Hellenistic period followed the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE and lasted until the Greek defeat at the Battle of Actium in 30 BCE. This era saw the spread of Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean basin and the establishment of Greek-influenced kingdoms following the division of Alexander's empire.