Final answer:
Scale refers to the size relationship between different objects, while proportion is the relative size of parts within a single object or figure. Scale can create focal points or convey significance, while proportion ensures harmony and balance within an object.
Step-by-step explanation:
The terms in question refer to important concepts in art and design. Scale is the size relation of one thing to another, while proportion is the size relationship of parts of a whole, such as the parts of a sculpture to each other and to the sculpture as a whole. Scale might consider the statue of a king compared to a real human, emphasizing the power or significance of the king. However, proportion looks at the size of the head in relation to the body in a figure to ensure they look natural and balanced in relation with each other.
Scale can also suggest relationships or create focal points within an artwork. Items depicted on a human scale are expected to have a size that is relatable to us. Conversely, large-scale objects can appear extraordinary or even comic, as seen in the oversized works of Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen.