Final answer:
The interpersonal roles identified by Mintzberg include Figurehead, Liaison, and Leader.
The director of a summer camp for chronically ill children is more likely to be an expressive leader, focusing on emotional support.
The team captain is a prototype for leadership on an athletic team, and authoritarian leadership has a top-down communication pattern.
Step-by-step explanation:
The managerial roles identified by Mintzberg as interpersonal roles are a.
Figurehead, b. Liaison, and c. Leader. When it comes to the concept of leadership within groups or organizations, an expressive leader is one who focuses on promoting emotional strength and health, ensuring that members of the group feel supported.
This is contrasted with an instrumental leader, who is primarily goal-oriented and focused on accomplishing set tasks.
Regarding who is more likely to be an expressive leader, options a) The sales manager of a fast-growing cosmetics company, b) A high school teacher at a reform school, c) The director of a summer camp for chronically ill children, and d) A manager at a fast-food restaurant were provided.
Considering that expressive leaders are those like social and religious leaders—rabbis, priests, imams, directors of youth homes and social service programs—who promote emotional support within the group, the answer would be c) The director of a summer camp for chronically ill children.
As for a prototype of leadership on an athletic team, the most likely example is c) the team captain. The equipment manager and the scorekeeper are typically not in leadership positions, and the quietest member of the team is not necessarily a leader.
The team captain represents the embodiment of leadership roles on a team.
A communication pattern flowing from the top down is indicative of a. Authoritarian leadership, which is characterized by centralized control and limited input from group members.
A democratic leadership style enables more participation from the group, while a laissez-faire leader allows the group to set its policies. An expressive leadership style is focused on group dynamics and emotional support, not on the direction of the communication flow.
Regarding which type of authority does not reside primarily in a leader, the options provided are a. Dictatorial and b. Traditional. Dictatorial authority is inherently centered upon the leader, whereas traditional authority is rooted in established customs, which may not necessarily depend on a single leader.