Final answer:
Effortful processing requires conscious effort and attention to encode information into memory, in contrast to automatic processing which occurs without conscious awareness.
Step-by-step explanation:
When one carefully attends and puts conscious effort into remembering information, this is known as effortful processing. Unlike automatic processing, which occurs without conscious awareness, effortful processing requires active engagement and attention to encode information into memory. Examples of effortful processing include activities such as studying for a test, learning a new skill, or rehearsing information to be remembered. It is through effortful processing that we often engage in strategies like elaborative rehearsal, which links new information to existing knowledge, thereby facilitating the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory.