Final answer:
Empress Theodora was a significant figure in the Byzantine Empire, known for her rise from humble origins to a powerful advocate for women's rights and an influential co-ruler alongside her husband, Emperor Justinian I. Despite criticism from contemporary sources, she made lasting contributions in legislation, charity, and culture, and is commemorated in art such as the mosaic in the Basilica of San Vitale.
Step-by-step explanation:
Theodora was an influential empress of the Byzantine Empire who rose from humble beginnings to become a significant figure in history. She was married to Emperor Justinian I and is known for her strong role in supporting his rule during tumultuous times.
As an advocate for women's rights, Theodora worked on legislation to protect women from sexual exploitation and abuse, promoting charity, and undertaking grand building projects, such as those in Constantinople. Her intelligence and political acumen contributed to the empire's legal and cultural transformation during the period.
Despite claims from the historian Procopius that Theodora's past was scandalous and that she and Justinian were unfit rulers, the combination of their leadership proved to be an impactful force within the Byzantine Empire. A notable example of her influence was during the Nika riots, where she encouraged Justinian to stand his ground, which ultimately saved his reign.
The legacy of Empress Theodora is also depicted in art, most famously in the mosaic from the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy, which emphasizes her high status and Christian devotion. Although originally dismissed due to her background, Theodora is now remembered as a powerful and controversial empress who had significant influence over the Byzantine Empire.