Final answer:
The claim that Samuel Gompers lost his leadership effectiveness in the AFL due to the Haymarket Riot, Homestead Incident, and Pullman Strike is false. Gompers led the AFL until his death in 1924, and the union's membership grew significantly during his tenure. The correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the Haymarket Riot, Homestead Incident, and the Pullman Strike eliminated Samuel Gompers' leadership effectiveness in the AFL is false.
While these incidents did have a significant negative impact on the public perception of labor unions and diminished the strength of the labor movement, Samuel Gompers continued to lead the American Federation of Labor (AFL) effectively until his death in 1924. The exception was a short period between 1894 and 1895 when there was internal dissension due to his stance against the People's Party.
Despite these events, Gompers was able to maintain control and after several years regained full leadership of the AFL, which under his guidance managed to grow in membership and exert influence on labor conditions well into the twentieth century. The AFL, with its focus on skilled labor, grew to a million members by 1914 and an impressive four million by 1920, although they still represented a small portion of all nonfarm workers in the country.
Hence, Option b is correct.