Final answer:
The theory of aging that claims there is a hereditary basis for aging is the biological programming theory. This theory posits the genetic programming of aging within our DNA, distinguishing it from theories like the free radical theory, which cite environmental damage as a key aging factor.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory of aging that suggests there is a hereditary basis for aging is known as biological programming theory. This theory falls within the category of programmed aging theories, postulating that the process of aging is genetically programmed into our DNA. Biological programming theories of aging argue that our genetic code contains instructions not only for how the body should develop but also for how and when the aging process should begin and progress. This contrasts with damage-related theories, such as the free radical theory, which implicate accumulated environmental damage and oxidative stress in cells as key factors in aging.
Other theories mentioned, such as the activity theory, disengagement theory, and physiological theories of aging, each have unique perspectives on aging. The activity theory suggests that remaining active and engaged in society leads to more satisfying and enjoyable aging. It emphasizes the importance of replacing lost roles with new activities to maintain a sense of purpose. The disengagement theory, in contrast, views withdrawal from society as a natural part of aging, where the elderly expect to decline socially and physically. Both theories have received criticism and support in gerontological research. Physiological theories, on the other hand, are usually discussing specific age-related changes in the body's systems.
Understanding these theories is crucial for those studying gerontology, healthcare professionals working with the elderly, and for broader social awareness regarding the aging process and the treatment of older adults.