Final answer:
The EU is governed by the European Council, the European Parliament, and the European Commission, each fulfilling distinct roles in policymaking and administration. Member states retain sovereignty but are coordinated through the EU's broad policy areas. Challenges such as economic crises and the UK's Brexit highlight governance issues within the union.
Step-by-step explanation:
The European Union (EU) is a unique supranational entity that influences various aspects of governance among its member states. The EU is comprised of several major institutions, each with its own role and responsibilities:
- The European Council: Composed of the leaders of EU countries, it sets the EU’s overall policy agenda and priorities in conjunction with the European Parliament.
- The European Parliament: Directly elected by EU citizens, its 705 members play a role in policymaking and budget oversight. They also elect the President of the European Commission.
- The European Commission: Acts as the EU executive branch, implementing legislation, representing the EU internationally, and managing funding for EU projects. A president, elected for a five-year term, leads the 27 commissioners, who are nominated by member states and approved by the European Parliament.
Member states retain certain aspects of sovereignty but coordinate policies on economic, defense/security, foreign affairs, immigration, and labor issues. The EU ensures that the peace and prosperity of Europe are maintained, managing conflicts such as those seen with the economic crisis in Greece or with the UK’s withdrawal (Brexit). The European Parliament annually publishes an agenda that includes critical issues affecting the union, like pandemic response, economic recovery, and geopolitical challenges.
The EU strives for peace and solidarity among member states while recognizing the sovereignty of its members, including their right to withdraw. Most EU countries take part in the eurozone and the Schengen Area, which allows for free movement of citizens. Nations applying to join the EU are required to meet specific criteria and align their legislation with EU standards, a process that may take years.
In summary, despite enforcing some of the strictest regulations in the world on a variety of issues, there are governance and compliance challenges within the EU. The organization does have means to interfere in domestic policies and address noncompliance among its member states, ensuring the overarching mission of the union is being pursued.