Final answer:
Separatism refers to the desire for regional autonomy or secession, while irredentism is the reclaiming of land by an ethnic group. Examples of separatist conflicts include the Basque separatist movement and the Chechen separatist conflict.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of national identity groups, separatism refers to the desire of a group to achieve greater regional autonomy or even secede from a central government. This typically arises from perceived differences in identity, culture, language, or religion. Examples of separatist conflicts include the Basque separatist movement in Spain and the Chechen separatist conflict in Russia. On the other hand, irredentism is the reclaiming of land by an ethnic or national group that is under the political control of another country. This often involves a minority group in one country seeking to join their ethnic kin in a neighboring country where they form the majority. Two examples of conflicts that fall under irredentism are the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, where Palestinians seek to establish an independent state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the region of Nagorno-Karabakh.