Final Answer:
Sumner broke down norms into the following categories: folkways, manners , and laws. Thus the correct option is (c).
Step-by-step explanation:
In his sociological framework, Sumner classified norms into three distinct categories: folkways, mores, and manners. The correct option to fill in the blank is "c. manners." Folkways represent informal, everyday customs that guide ordinary behavior. Mores, on the other hand, are more deeply ingrained social norms that carry a moral significance. Lastly, manners refer to the socially accepted ways of conducting oneself in more formal or refined settings. Sumner's categorization provides a comprehensive understanding of the diverse norms that shape human behavior in various social contexts.
Sumner's breakdown of norms is essential for comprehending the intricacies of social order and interaction. Folkways encompass the routine behaviors that society expects, such as manners at the dining table or everyday greetings. Mores delve into the moral fabric of a community, encompassing actions deemed right or wrong based on societal values. Finally, manners encapsulate the refined conduct expected in specific situations, illustrating the nuanced nature of social expectations. This categorization aids sociologists and researchers in analyzing and interpreting societal norms, contributing to a deeper understanding of human behavior within cultural contexts.
In conclusion, Sumner's classification underscores the diversity of norms within a society, emphasizing the significance of distinguishing between everyday customs, moral imperatives, and refined conduct. The breakdown into folkways, mores, and manners enhances our sociological comprehension, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of social expectations and guiding human behavior in various social settings.