Final answer:
The correct answer is 'c) all of these answers are correct,' as Howard Becker's typology of deviant behaviors includes pure deviant, conformist, and falsely accused, showcasing his labeling theory's approach to understanding how society labels deviant behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Howard Becker, a prominent figure in the field of sociology, constructed a typology of deviant behaviors as perceived by others. Within his framework, the types of deviance include: pure deviant, conformist, and falsely accused. Essentially, the correct answer to the quiz question is c) all of these answers are correct.
Becker's work is especially significant in the field of labeling theory, which emphasizes the role of society's reaction to behaviors in labeling someone as deviant. For instance, a pure deviant is a person who breaks the rules and is also labeled as such by society. A conformist is an individual who adheres to societal norms and is recognized for doing so. The falsely accused category refers to those who have unfairly had deviant labels placed upon them despite not violating norms.
In addition to Becker's work, there are other sociological theories regarding deviance, such as strain theory by Robert Merton, which discusses the influence of societal structures on deviant behavior, and Edwin Lemert's concepts of primary and secondary deviance.