Final answer:
Augustus Caesar did not restore the Roman Republic nor retire from politics; instead, he established the principate, a system that upheld the facade of the Republic while positioning himself as the emperor with consolidated power.
Step-by-step explanation:
Augustus Caesar, also known as Octavian, claimed to have restored the Republic of Rome after a period of civil wars, even though he did not restore it to a true republic and then retire from politics. Instead, in 27 BCE, he created the principate, a new system of government that maintained the appearance of republican traditions to legitimize his position as the first emperor, or Princeps Civitatus.
Until his death in 14 CE, Augustus would continue to command personal loyalty from the Roman military and wield power with the Senate's nominal assent. The Senate and the Roman citizens, who reaped the benefits of stability and prosperity during his reign, did not strive to revert to a true republic.