Final answer:
The 1954 landmark desegregation order from the case of Brown v. Board of Education deemed racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional and violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
Step-by-step explanation:
In 1954, the landmark desegregation order covered public education facilities.
The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case declared that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, violating the Fourteenth Amendment. This case was pivotal, overturning the Plessy v.
Ferguson doctrine of 'separate but equal' as it pertained to public education, based on the evidence that even with the same funding and equivalent facilities, segregated schools inherently denied African American students equal treatment.
The unanimous Supreme Court decision cited sociological studies indicating that racial segregation instilled a sense of inferiority among Black children, which could only be remedied by desegregation and integration of schools.
After this decision, southern states were challenged to reevaluate their educational systems and begin the process of desegregation, although implementation varied and was often met with resistance.