Final answer:
Consumption in the United States is influenced by ethnic heritage, which is especially apparent in food choices and festivals related to specific ethnic groups. Acculturation leads to minority cultures adopting practices of the majority, whereas assimilation might dilute distinct ethnic identities without impacting the majority culture's identity significantly.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct statement about ethnic microculture in the United States is that the consumption of products is affected by heritage. This is evident in the way that immigrant and ethnic groups in the US retain distinctive food preferences and preparation methods that are part of their cultural heritage and identity, even as they assimilate and acculturate to the dominant American culture. The rich tapestry of U.S. culture includes many examples where consumption patterns are influenced by the ethnic backgrounds of its people.
For instance, the German-American influence is so profound in some parts of the country that practices like Oktoberfest, the consumption of beer, bratwurst, and sauerkraut are more prevalent in these regions. The process of acculturation sees ethnic minorities adapt to the beliefs and practices of the host population, while assimilation may lead to the loss of the minority group's cultural identity as they merge into the dominant culture. Nonetheless, this has had minimal impact on the majority group's cultural identity, particularly where intermarriage has facilitated the blending of cultures.
Regarding feelings of ethnocentricity or xenocentric attitudes, while there have been instances of tension and discrimination, there is also an encouragement of respect for the diversity that constitutes the American 'salad bowl'. This dual approach has led to a complex socio-cultural landscape in the US. The American identity has thus been shaped by a mix of widespread assimilation of certain groups and the preservation of distinct cultural identities by others.