Final answer:
Whole issue final offer arbitration (FOA) is used by arbitrators to resolve labor disputes by selecting the entirety of either the union's or management's final offer on all disputed issues, to encourage fair and realistic proposals.
Step-by-step explanation:
Using the whole issue final offer arbitration (FOA) approach, an arbitrator chooses the entirety of either the union's or management's final offer covering all disputed issues. This method is designed to encourage both parties to adopt reasonable and realistic final offers since the arbitrator cannot alter any of the terms or cherry-pick issues from each side; they must accept one side's entire final offer as is.
The primary objective of this approach is to resolve labor disputes quickly and effectively by forcing both parties to put their best offers on the table, with the understanding that the arbitrator has the authority to select one offer over the other in its entirety. This method contrasts with issue-by-issue arbitration, where the arbitrator can select outcomes for individual disputed issues.
Therefore the correct answer is c. Whole issue final offer arbitration (FOA).