Final answer:
The statement is true; unions have historically negotiated for specific work schedules and overtime pay. Over time, achievements such as the eight-hour workday have greatly improved working conditions, as unions advocated for fair work hours and compensation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that most union labor agreements specify daily or weekly work schedules and provide premium pay for overtime is true. Historically, employees faced long hours of work at low wages, with strict rules on timing and breaks. The creation of unions helped shift this dynamic, advocating for the rights and safety of workers. Over time, unions have negotiated for better work schedules and fair compensation for overtime work.
From the late 19th century onwards, unions such as the National Labor Union pushed for an eight-hour workday, which was a significant reduction from the ten- to fourteen-hour days common at the time. Only the federal government implemented the eight-hour standard during that era. Unions have continued to play a critical role in improving workers' conditions, including advocating for higher wages, which in turn have been associated with higher productivity and longer job tenure. Union workers often receive training and apprenticeship programs, further enhancing their productivity compared to nonunion workers.