Final answer:
Reaction range in theories of intelligence defines the potential spectrum of intelligence outcomes for an individual based on their genetics, with environmental factors playing a vital role in determining where within this range a person may fall. A stimulating environment can help individuals reach their upper limit, while a deprived one may prevent them from achieving their full potential. The range of reaction theory emphasizes the interaction between genetics and environment in the development of intelligence.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to theories that incorporate the concept of reaction range, this range defines the upper and lower boundaries of an individual's intellectual potential as determined by their genetic makeup. However, the actual level of intelligence an individual achieves within this range is significantly influenced by environmental factors. The reaction range is not a fixed number; it varies for each person, signifying the possible spectrum of intelligence outcomes, with genetics providing the foundation and the environment heavily contributing to where a person falls within that spectrum.
If a child with average genetic intellectual potential is raised in a highly stimulating environment, they are likely to reach the higher end of their reaction range in terms of intellectual development. Conversely, a child with high genetic potential reared in a deprived environment may not reach their full intellectual potential. The interaction of genes and environment is complex, and the reaction range theory highlights the importance of a nurturing environment in achieving one's potential.
While some theories propose that genetics exclusively dictate the maximum level of intelligence, the range of reaction model points to the environment's role in actualizing genetic potential. A stimulating environment can enhance cognitive development, while neglect or abuse can lead to psychological and physical conditions that might impede reaching one's genetic potential. This gene-environment interaction is a critical component to intelligence.