Final answer:
Workers can mobilize to support unions through frustration, threat, rational calculation, and employee empowerment, excluding threats, attacks, and rational calculations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The paths that workers may mobilize along to take collective action and support the union include:
- The 'frustration' which results when workers try to act on their own behalf.
- The 'threat' or an 'attack' that results when the employer takes away or threatens to take away something the workers already have.
- A 'rational calculation,' which does not involve anger, but the workers become convinced that the benefits of unionization outweigh its costs.
- Employee empowerment.
However, the option that does not fit is 'Threats, attacks, and rational calculations.'
The paths that workers may mobilize along to take collective action and support the union, except for one option, are: frustration resulting from individual action, threat when employers retract benefits, rational calculation where unionization benefits are weighed against costs, and collective responses to threats and attacks. However, employee empowerment does not fit this pattern.
Employee empowerment as a process often encourages workers to have more control over their work and decisions within a company, which does not inherently support union-focused collective action. Therefore, employee empowerment is the path not directly related to collective action in support of unions.