Final answer:
The Catholic Church's effort to combat the Protestant Reformation during the sixteenth century and return to true Christian piety is known as the Counter-Reformation. The correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Catholic Church's effort during the early sixteenth century to recapture the loyalty of its followers through a return to true Christian piety is known as the Counter-Reformation.
This was the Church's response to the Protestant Reformation and included initiatives like the Council of Trent, where there was an affirmation that both faith and good works were needed for salvation.
It also undertook reforms within the church itself, including the prohibition of selling indulgences, and steps to improve the education of clergy.
The Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort consisting of ecclesiastical restructuring, new religious orders such as the Jesuits, spiritual movements, and political actions like the Roman Inquisition.
Its main goals were to reaffirm Catholic doctrines, stop the spread of Protestantism, and reform the Church's practices and institutions.
Major actions were taken during this time, including the improvement of pastoral care, establishment of seminaries for priestly education, and a focus on the spiritual life and a personal relationship with Christ.The correct option is b.