Final answer:
The speaker blaming doctors for the rise in lung cancer deaths is engaging in a Fallacy of causation (option 2). This fallacy inaccurately identifies doctors as the cause of increased lung cancer deaths, disregarding the well-established link between smoking and lung cancer.
Step-by-step explanation:
A speaker who blames doctors for the rise in lung cancer deaths is engaging in a Fallacy of causation. This type of fallacy occurs when a speaker incorrectly identifies one factor as the cause of an event when there is no evidence that supports the causal claim. In this case, lung cancer is most often caused by exposure to tobacco smoke, and the vast majority of lung cancer cases are linked to cigarette smoking – a fact that is supported by extensive research and is widely accepted by the medical and scientific communities. The statement that the rise in lung cancer deaths can be attributed to doctors ignores the strong causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer, and instead, attempts to shift the blame incorrectly.