Final answer:
The speaker is using an analogy by comparing the size of France to Texas to help listeners understand France's size by relating it to something more familiar.
Step-by-step explanation:
A speaker who says, "France is 212,000 square miles–roughly the size of Texas," is using an analogy. An analogy is a comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it, aiming to explain the idea or thing by using the comparison. This rhetorical device helps to clarify or explain unfamiliar subjects by relating them to more familiar ones.
In this case, the speaker is not using a simile, which would use the words 'like' or 'as'; nor a metaphor, which would state that one thing is another; and it is not a hyperbole, which is an exaggeration for rhetorical effect and not intended to be taken literally. The statement is simply a straightforward comparison without the use of 'like' or 'as', designed to give the listener a reference point in understanding the size of France.