Final answer:
Simone de Beauvoir's ethics of ambiguity suggests that to act morally is to act in ways that assert the freedom of oneself and others. It is rooted in existential philosophy and dictates that our actions should reflect individually shaped values that promote freedom and responsibility.
Step-by-step explanation:
Simone de Beauvoir's ethics of ambiguity is a concept in existential philosophy that emphasizes the complex and uncertain aspects of human existence and the ethical implications that arise from it. The ideas put forth by de Beauvoir suggest that an essential aspect of being human is our freedom and the choices we make, informed by our subjective experiences and not by predefined absolutes. Hence, her ethics suggest that to act morally is to act in ways that assert not only our own freedom but also the freedom of others. This concept resonates with the existentialist belief that existence proceeds essence, indicating that people shape their own values through their actions in the world, contrary to existing as a fulfillment of a pre-defined nature or essence.
Contrary to Anscombe's criticism of secular moral philosophy as lacking a firm foundation for 'oughts', De Beauvoir proposes that one's actions should enhance freedom. This approach aligns with existentialism's core belief in individual freedom and responsibility, as reflected in the writings of existentialists like Albert Camus, who famously explored the idea that humans are free to make choices, even the choice to continue living each day. De Beauvoir advocates for a life of active engagement and authenticity, where morality is lived out through actions that encourage and respect the freedom of others. This can be challenging, as it defies conventional norms and expectations, exemplified by de Beauvoir's own life where she challenged her strict upbringing and societal norms to forge a path committed to intellectual and personal freedom.