Final answer:
Nel Noddings' concept of universal caring in care ethics emphasizes the moral imperative of caring for everyone, with sensitivity to the unique needs of each individual, rather than following abstract ethical rules.
Thus, the correct option is 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nel Noddings, in her discussion of care ethics, introduces the concept of universal caring that contrasts with the traditional emphasis on abstract principles in ethics. Instead of everyone behaving according to inflexible rules, universal caring suggests an ethical framework where the importance of concrete situations and the specific individuals involved are paramount. In this sense, universal caring is a moral perspective that aims to caring for everyone, encouraging actions that are sensitive to the needs and interests of every individual. It is an inclusive approach to ethics that extends the caring imperative beyond our immediate circle of acquaintances to encompass all individuals.
Through her work, Noddings suggests that when we consider the needs of the actual individuals involved in a situation, we are more likely to be sensitive to the interests of those in less favorable positions, thus endorsing a more compassionate and practically engaged approach to morality. Referring back to the student's question, the correct interpretation of 'universal caring' would be aligned with caring for everyone. It is not just about having moral responsibility or caring about everything in an abstract sense, nor is it simply about everyone caring in general; it's about the willingness and effort to care for every person, recognizing their unique circumstances.
Therefore, the correct option is 4) caring for everyone