Final answer:
Immanuel Kant stated that "a good will" is the only thing with absolute moral value according to his moral philosophy. This is based on the concept of the categorical imperative, which emphasizes actions that can be universalized as moral actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Immanuel Kant, the Enlightment philosopher, argues that the only thing in the world with absolute, unqualified moral value is a good will. The essence of Kant's moral philosophy is that an action's moral worth is determined not by its outcome, but by the principle upon which the action is based. The principle, known as the categorical imperative, states that moral actions are those that can be universalized, that is, actions that everyone could perform without contradiction in a sustainable society.
The concept of good will refers to the commitment to perform one's duty for its own sake, not for any ulterior motive or benefit. Kant distinguishes good will as having an inherent, unconditional value, unlike happiness or moderation, which may depend on circumstances or outcomes. In Kant's view, to act with good will is to make the moral law the sole motive for action, which reinforces one's dignity and autonomy as a rational being.