Final answer:
Aristotle developed an early version of virtue ethics focusing on the cultivation of virtues to achieve eudaimonia, a flourishing life. Virtues are developed through habituation and are crucial for fulfilling the human function, which is rationality, and differ from the more Stoic emphasis on rational self-control. Social relationships and external goods enhance eudaimonia in Aristotle's framework.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is true that Aristotle developed an early version of virtue ethics. Aristotle’s ethical framework as presented in Nicomachean Ethics revolves around the concept of eudaimonia, often translated as flourishing or happiness, which is achieved through the cultivation of virtues. These virtues are seen as means to fulfill the unique human function or purpose, which Aristotle identifies as rationality. By developing virtues, Aristotle believed individuals could achieve a flourishing life, making virtuous development central to human well-being.
Aristotle contrasted with his teacher Plato by focusing more on the tangible world rather than the transcendental realm of forms. In his philosophies, virtue ethics are also contrasted with Stoic ethics, which emphasized the cardinal virtues of courage, justice, temperance, and wisdom, and prioritized rational self-control.
Furthermore, Aristotle considered social relationships and friendship as integral parts of a thriving life. These external goods, along with virtuous development, contribute to eudaimonia. Thus, virtue ethics according to Aristotle is not just a theory of moral character but also a guide for achieving the best life possible for human beings.