Final answer:
The contemporary moral landscape is characterized by apathy, whereas historic theories of morality emphasized sympathy and empathy as foundations of ethical behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Javits Rosenthal suggests that the contemporary moral landscape is characterized by apathy. This implies a general lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern about moral issues. Carol Gilligan, on the other hand, suggested that earlier researchers into morality had overlooked sympathetic reactions to moral situations. Historically, various moral theories have emphasized compassion and empathy as the basis for ethical behavior. For example, the ancient Chinese philosopher Mencius believed in the importance of compassion for benevolent actions and ethics. Additionally, Darwin thought that sympathy was part of the social instincts gained through natural selection, playing a foundational role in the development of a moral sense.