Question

Which one of the following was not included in Bentham's utlitarian calculus?

1) Intensity: How strong is the pleasure?
2) Duration: How long will the pleasure last?
3) Value: Is the pleasure a lower, physical pleasure or a higher, intellectual pleasure?
4) Extent: How many people will be affected?

Answer 1

Jeremy Bentham's utilitarian calculus did not include the value distinction between higher and lower pleasures, a concept later introduced by John Stuart Mill.

Step-by-step explanation:

Utilitarianism, as developed by Jeremy Bentham, includes several factors in its calculus aimed at maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. These factors are intensity, duration, certainty, and extent (how many people are affected). The option that was not included in Bentham's utilitarian calculus is value, specifically the distinction between lower physical pleasures and higher intellectual pleasures. It was John Stuart Mill, a subsequent utilitarian philosopher who introduced the concept of qualitative distinctions into the utilitarian framework, refining the ideas first put forth by Bentham.