Final answer:
Human resources is not traditionally considered part of the value-chain analysis, which includes product research, quality management, supply chain management, and marketing, as it deals more with employee-related functions rather than the direct production and delivery of goods or services.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question 'Which of the following is not part of value-chain analysis?' focuses on identifying the component that is not typically considered a part of the value-chain. Value-chain analysis is a methodical approach that looks into the series of steps required to produce and deliver a product or service to the market. The elements typically included in this analysis are product research, quality management, supply chain management, and marketing. Each of these steps represents a key function in the creation and delivery of a product or service.
However, human resources is not traditionally seen as a direct part of the value-chain analysis. Although human resources play a crucial role in an organization's operations, it is primarily focused on employee-related functions such as recruitment, training, and compensation, rather than the direct production and distribution of a product or service. Hence, human resources is the component that is not part of the value-chain analysis.
Nonetheless, it is important to acknowledge that the workforce is critical to carrying out each of the value-chain activities effectively. Skilled and motivated employees are essential for research and development, maintaining quality, managing the supply chain, and executing successful marketing strategies. Therefore, while human resources might not be highlighted in a traditional value-chain analysis, its function indirectly influences each segment of the value chain.