Final answer:
The use of drawn-out crescendos, slowly gathering force as they build to a climax, is called the steamroller effect in music.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is d. the steamroller effect.
The use of drawn-out crescendos, slowly gathering force as they build to a climax, is often referred to as the steamroller effect in music. This technique is commonly used in compositions to create excitement, tension, and a sense of anticipation.
An example of the steamroller effect can be found in classical music, specifically in pieces composed by Ludwig van Beethoven, such as his Symphony No. 5 in C Minor. In this symphony, the famous motif is repeated and gradually builds up to a powerful climax, creating a sense of intensity.