Final answer:
The three unique characteristics of Japan's industrial relations system are enterprise unions, lifetime employment, and a seniority-based wage system, making the correct answer 'c'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the unique characteristics of Japan's industrial relations system. One of the notable traits is enterprise unions, which are unions organized at the enterprise level rather than industry-wide or trade-based, common in many Western countries. Another defining feature is lifetime employment, a practice where employees are often guaranteed employment until retirement in large companies, fostering loyalty and reducing job market volatility. Lastly, a seniority-based wage system is prevalent, where employees' wages increase with their age and experience within the company, rather than purely on performance or market rates.
Looking at the options provided, the most accurate characteristics representing Japan's industrial relations system are: enterprise unions, lifetime employment, and seniority-based wage system. Thus the correct answer is 'c'.