Final answer:
The question is related to ballistics and the physics of firearms. Specifically, it involves understanding distant range shooting, the impact of gravity on bullet trajectory, and factors such as muzzle velocity and air resistance.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the muzzle of the weapon is held far enough away from the body that heat and soot effects are eliminated, this is considered a distant range.
Gun Sighting and Bullet Trajectory:
(a) If a gun is sighted to hit targets that are at 100.0 m, to find how low the bullet will hit at 150.0 m, we need to calculate the bullet's trajectory and the effect of gravity on its flight over the extended distance, considering a muzzle velocity of 275 m/s.
Muzzle Velocity and Air Resistance:
(b) A larger muzzle velocity would likely result in the bullet traveling further before dropping the same vertical distance, because the bullet would spend less time subject to gravity. Air resistance would slow the bullet down over time, reducing its range and potentially affecting its accuracy at longer distances.