Final answer:
A social entity that is goal-directed and deliberately structured is referred to as an organization. These entities fall under the category of formal organizations and are essential for the systematic arrangement of activities in society.
Step-by-step explanation:
A social entity that is goal-directed and deliberately structured is referred to as a organization. This term typically refers to formal organizations, which include various group structures in society like businesses, governments, schools, and other entities that operate in a planned and coordinated manner to achieve specific objectives. Formal organizations are characterized by features such as a hierarchy of authority, predefined roles and responsibilities, and standardized rules and procedures.
These organizations can be classed as normative, coercive, or utilitarian based on the nature of membership and the purposes they serve. They are essential to the functioning of society as they systematically arrange human activity to achieve effectiveness and efficiency in various sectors.