Final answer:
To successfully invade a population of hawks, doves need the potential reward or benefit to be more than twice the cost of the conflict, as this allows them to avoid the costly altercations hawks engage in and therefore spread through the population.Option 2 is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question revolves around a concept often discussed in the study of evolutionary game theory, which is related to the behaviors in populations of animals, including 'doves' and 'hawks'. In this context, doves represent a strategy of non-aggression while hawks symbolize a more aggressive approach. To answer the question: For doves to successfully invade a world of hawks, the potential reward or benefit must be more than twice the cost of conflict. This is because doves employ a risk-averse strategy, where they avoid the costly conflicts that hawks engage in. In an environment where the reward is sufficiently high compared to the cost of conflict, doves can sustain themselves by avoiding the high costs of fighting which hawks incur, thereby being able to spread through the population effectively.
In evolutionary game theory, the dynamics between 'doves' and 'hawks' involve non-aggressive and aggressive strategies, respectively. For doves to successfully invade a hawk-dominated environment, the potential reward must exceed twice the cost of conflict. Doves, employing a risk-averse approach, thrive in environments where benefits significantly outweigh the costs of aggression. By avoiding the resource-intensive conflicts that hawks engage in, doves strategically navigate their surroundings. This ensures their successful proliferation, establishing a population where the advantages of non-aggression outpace the aggressive behaviors of hawks.