Final answer:
Seismic waves reveal that Earth's outer core is liquid because S-waves are not transmitted through this layer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Seismic waves, generated by earthquakes, are used to study Earth's interior. The study of seismic waves has revealed that P-waves travel more slowly than S-waves through Earth's crust. S-waves are not transmitted through Earth's liquid outer core, indicating that it is a liquid layer. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Earth's outer core is liquid because S-waves are not transmitted through this layer.