Final answer:
Leadership can be characterized by different levels of authority and styles, from authoritarian to democratic, and from transactional to transformational, each with distinct effects on organizational and group dynamics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Leadership is a dynamic and multifaceted concept that encompasses various styles and functions, influencing individual behaviors, group dynamics, and overall goal achievement. Authority refers to the legitimate power that enables a leader to make decisions and demand obedience, often stemming from religion, tradition, or conquest over a predecessor. The notion of sovereignty signifies the ultimate control a leader has over a territory, entailing the ability to engage in international relations such as treaties, alliances, or warfare.
Leadership styles, such as democratic, laissez-faire, and authoritarian, greatly affect how leaders interact with their followers and work towards achieving goals. An instrumental leader focuses on task completion and organizational objectives, while an expressive leader aims to bolster emotional well-being and support within a group. Moreover, the concepts of transactional and transformational leadership reflect the varied approaches in supervision and motivation, with transformational leaders being more charismatic, inspirational, and considerate.