Earth's orientation to the sun is defined by a 23.5° axial tilt, which varies the angle and intensity of sunlight, creating the seasons. During June, the Northern Hemisphere tilts toward the Sun, while in December, it's the Southern Hemisphere's turn, and equinoxes bring equal daylight to both.
The orientation of Earth in relation to the sun involves a 23.5° tilt of Earth's axis of rotation. This tilt is responsible for the seasonal changes we experience on Earth. During the June solstice, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, leading to summer with longer days and more direct sunlight. Conversely, during the December solstice, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, resulting in summer for those regions, while the Northern Hemisphere experiences winter with shorter days and less direct sunlight. The equinoxes in March and September bring about equal amounts of daylight and darkness across both hemispheres, as Earth's tilt is sideways to the Sun.
It's important to note that Earth's orbit around the Sun is slightly elliptical, causing the distance to the Sun to vary throughout the year. This variation slightly affects the intensity of the seasons, making northern winters milder when Earth is closest to the Sun and summers cooler when it is further away. However, the Earth's axis consistently points towards the same direction in the sky, near the star Polaris, meaning that the axis does not wobble as Earth orbits the Sun. This consistent axial orientation, in conjunction with Earth's position in its orbit, defines the cycle of the seasons.