Final answer:
The separation of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I of meiosis I ensures that each gamete contains only one allele for each gene, thereby following Mendel's Law of Segregation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The separation of homologs in anaphase I of meiosis accounts for the segregation of the two alleles of a gene into separate gametes. This phase is crucial for the principle of segregation as it ensures that each gamete receives only one allele for each gene. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes, which carry different versions of each gene known as alleles, are drawn to opposite poles of the cell. This process is called chromosome segregation.
At the start of the process, chromosomes randomly align during prophase I and then segregate during anaphase I. If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis, it can lead to gametes that contain an incorrect number of chromosomes, either lacking a chromosome or having an extra one. Nevertheless, under normal conditions, the successful separation of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I follows the Law of Segregation, which was initially proposed by Gregor Mendel.