Final answer:
Octopuses having three hearts and some amphibians and reptiles having a three-chambered heart does not make them the same as humans, who have a four-chambered heart. These are adaptations for each species' unique lifestyle and environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Just because octopuses have three hearts and some amphibians and reptiles have a three-chambered heart does not mean that octopuses and humans are the same. The numbers of hearts or heart chambers are adaptations to each species' lifestyle and do not indicate a close relationship between these species. The human heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. This structure is efficient for a high metabolism and warm-blooded nature, featuring completely separate circuits for oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, known as double circulation.
Amphibians have a three-chambered heart with two atria and one ventricle, with some mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, which is still efficient enough for their lifestyle. Meanwhile, cephalopods, like octopuses, have three hearts, two for pumping blood through the gills and one for the rest of the body, and this arrangement suits their aquatic, jet-powered lifestyle. These differences in anatomy reflect the diverse adaptations and evolutionary paths of each group.