Final answer:
The highest level, below or after the King, on the Sumerian class system was occupied by the nobility or aristocracy.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the Sumerian class system, the highest level below or after the King was often occupied by the nobility or aristocracy. These individuals held significant power and influence within society, and they were typically responsible for governing the city-states, engaging in trade, and overseeing important religious and administrative functions. The nobility comprised a small percentage of the population, but they played a crucial role in maintaining social order and political stability.
The king's power was absolute, often considered a representative of a divine power, particularly in the Assyrian and Persian empires. In some societies, the position just below the king could include figures like the "Commander of a Thousand" in the Persian empire, who had significant influence and was responsible for personal protection and managing the king's court. Rituals and customs, such as those enacted during the New Year Festival in Assyria, served to uphold the sanctity of the king's authority and his relationship with the gods.