Population growth can increase the availability of resources, such as nutrients, water, and space, for other species. For example, during primary succession, pioneer species can help break down rocks and form soil, which can support more diverse and complex plant communities later on.
Population growth can also decrease the availability of resources, such as light, for other species. For example, during secondary succession, larger and taller plants can shade out smaller and shorter plants, reducing their photosynthesis and growth.
Population growth can alter the physical and chemical characteristics of the environment, such as temperature, humidity, pH, and oxygen levels. For example, during both primary and secondary succession, plants can affect the microclimate by moderating the temperature and moisture levels, and by releasing oxygen and carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and respiration.
Population growth can increase the interactions and competition among species, such as predation, herbivory, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism. For example, during both primary and secondary succession, as more species colonize and coexist in an area, they may affect each other’s survival, reproduction, and distribution.
Population growth can increase the diversity and complexity of the community, as more species and functional groups are added over time. For example, during both primary and secondary succession, the number and variety of species tend to increase until a climax community is reached, which is relatively stable and balanced.