Final answer:
The term describing the conditions that allow one type of rock to change into another is the 'rock cycle', which includes transformations among sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks through various geologic processes and conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conditions that allow one type of rock to change into another type of rock are called the rock cycle. The rock cycle is a concept in geology that illustrates the transformation among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava, sedimentary rocks from the compaction and cementation of various sediments, and metamorphic rocks from the alteration of pre-existing rocks under high temperature and pressure conditions, which may cause physical and chemical changes without the rock melting.Indeed, the rock cycle is induced by the Earth's internal heat, pressure, the presence of fluids, and taken together with plate tectonics, giving us the complete picture of how rocks can morph from one type to another. This cyclical nature of rocks is essential in understanding the dynamic processes that shape our planet's surface and interior. Every rock type has a protolith or a 'parent' rock, indicating its origin before the metamorphic process altered it.