Final answer:
Active transport requires energy and includes processes like phagocytosis, while passive transport does not require energy, encompassing processes such as osmosis. Option B is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
To address which of the given options are paired correctly, we first need to understand the differences between active and passive transport mechanisms in cells. Active transport requires energy, typically in the form of ATP, to move substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
This includes processes such as ion pumps, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. On the other hand, passive transport does not require cellular energy and includes processes such as diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, where substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Considering this information:
Passive transport - Exocytosis is incorrect because exocytosis involves the active transport of materials out of the cell.
Active transport - Phagocytosis is correct as phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis that requires energy to engulf large particles.
Active transport - Osmosis is incorrect because osmosis is a passive transport process of water diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane.
Passive transport - Endocytosis is incorrect because endocytosis, which includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis, is an active transport process that requires energy.
Therefore, the only correct pairing is B) Active transport - Phagocytosis.