Final answer:
In populations with high levels of predation, the behavior of individuals in terms of reproduction and survival usually involves an emphasis on reproduction because their chances of surviving to breed again in the future are low. (option 2)
Step-by-step explanation:
Individuals in populations with high predation rates tend to allocate more energy to reproduction to ensure their genes are passed to the next generation, reflecting adaptive life history strategies influenced by natural selection. In response to this selective pressure, these individuals tend to allocate more energy towards reproductive efforts to ensure their genes are passed on to the next generation, even at the expense of their growth and maintenance. This adaptation strategy is reflected in the life histories of various species, as they attempt to maximize their fitness within their ecological niches.
Life history strategies such as semelparity—where a species reproduces only once before dying—are examples of extreme strategies that some organisms adopt in response to environmental challenges, including predation. On the other hand, iteroparity, where species reproduce multiple times over their lifespan, may be favored under different ecological conditions. The balance between these strategies shows the complex trade-offs species make between growth, reproduction, and survivorship, all of which are shaped by natural selection.